Historic England
FISH Maritime Cargo Types Thesaurus
Used to record the type of cargo being carried by a vessel on its final voyage and often found in association with the wreck site.
Wire Cable
Wire
Thin rods or threads of metal formed by rolling or wire-drawing and used for a variety of purposes including electrical circuitry.
Submarine Cable
A cable laid under the surface of the sea, often on the seabed, for various purposes including telecommunications.
Cable
Originally used to describe very strong, often thick, rope made of metal or hemp. Now can be used for protective flexible tubing encasing wires such as telephone wire.
Bone Dust
Bone Meal
Ground and crushed bones used as a fertilizer.
Bronze Guns
Iron Guns
Pistols
Small hand-held firearms.
Cannon For Scrap
Cannon
A piece of military ordnance, of sufficient size to require mounting and used for firing projectiles, traditionally cannon balls but more recently high explosive shells.
Muskets
17th to early 19th century muzzle-loaded long guns.
Guns
Weapons including portable firearms and large artillery pieces.
Wood Products
Wood Chips
Small fragments of wood or bark.
Potash
Potassium Carbonate obtained from the ashes of burnt plant matter and used as a fertilizer.
Bark
The outer layer of tissue on a tree or woody plant, often used in the dyeing and tanning industries.
Wood Pulp
Fibres of wood reduced chemically or mechanically to pulp for use in the manufacture of paper.
Firewood
Wood which is used as fuel for fires.
Cork
A light, buoyant material obtained from the cork oak. Cork is used in floats and as stoppers for bottles.
Cinders
Ashes
The powdery residue resulting from the combustion of a substance eg. wood and used for various manufacturing processes.
Pit Wood
Pit Props
A large block of wood used to support the roof of a mine.
Timber Products
Products manufactured from timber.
Groundnuts
Chestnuts
Almonds
Walnuts
Nuts
A seed or fruit with a hard shell, often edible or used to produce oils.
Casks
Barrel Headings
The flat end of a barrel.
Barrel Hoops
Metal hoops used to hold the staves of barrels in position.
Pipe Staves
Barrel Staves
Pieces of wood used to form the sides of barrels.
Barrels
Containers of cylindrical form, traditionally made of curved wooden staves bound together by hoops of metal. Also includes modern plastic and metal barrels.
Coal Patent Fuel
Patent Fuel
A mixture of coals that have been formed into briquettes or blocks. This fuel took its name from the fact that it was under patent in the late nineteenth century.
Elephant Teeth
Elephant Tusks
The large, pointed teeth, made of ivory, which are specially developed to protrude from the mouth of elephants.
Ivory
A highly-prized, hard, white, fine-grained dentine constituting the main part of the teeth of walruses, hippopotami and elephants. Used in the manufacture of ornaments and piano keys.
Gold Specie
Gold Coin
Gold fashioned into coins for use as currency.
Horns
Animal Horn
The bony outgrowths found on the heads of mammals used for display or combat used for a variety of purposes.
Log Wood
Logwood
The heartwood of a leguminous tree from which an extract is obtained. The extract being used for dyeing.
Military Stores
Ordnance
Ordnance Stores
Naval Stores
Goods and equipment used to supply a navy.
Military Equipment
Equipment, including uniforms, small arms and field pieces, used by the armed forces.
Ordnance Ammunition
Shell Cases
Outer cases for ammunition shells, e.g. Howitzer shells; not "live" ammunition, i.e. either at the first stage of manufacture, or having been expended.
Shot
Missiles, such as cannon balls and musket balls, designed to be discharged from a gun or cannon using an explosive propellant.
Small Arms Ammunition
Ammunition manufactured for use in hand held firearms.
Cannon Balls
Solid spherical objects, manufactured from stone or metal, fired from cannon.
Ammunition
Military provisions, traditionally of all types but now used specifically for projectiles and propellants such eg. bullets and gunpowder.
Small Goods
Bagged Goods
Cargoes transported in sacks or bags, usually wheat, corn, flour, fruit, or coal. To be used only where the cargo is said to be "sacks" or "bags" of goods. Use specific term where known.
Barrel Goods
Goods stowed in barrels and therefore indicating that the barrels were in use as containers with goods stored therein, rather than as cargo in their own right.
Bale Goods
Merchandise wrapped in canvas and tightly bound with cords or hoops to form bales.
Goods
General merchandise and saleable commodities. Use more specific type where known.
Tinned Meat
Canned Meat
Meat precooked and then sealed in cans made from steel, tin or aluminium plate to preserve it.
Silver Bars
Silver Bullion
Solid bars or ingots of silver.
Cocoa Nuts
Coconuts
Large, brown, hard-shelled seeds of the palm tree Cocos nucifera, the flesh and liquid contained within the shell can be eaten.
Tinned Goods
Canned Goods
Goods, usually foodstuffs, which have been sealed inside canisters, usually made of tin or steel, to preserve them.
Ships Spars
Spars
Poles of timber, metal etc. used as masts, booms or yards on a vessel.
Wood
Hardwood
Wood from non-coniferous trees, eg. oak, known for their hardness.
Cedar
Durable wood from the cedar tree.
Deal
Timber manufactured from fir or spruce trees.
Oak
The wood from trees of the type Quercus.
Quebracho
The bark and wood of trees of the genus Aspidosperma used to produce tannin.
Pine
Softwood obtained from trees of the genus Pinus, often used for the manufacture of furniture.
Boxwood
The hard, close-grained wood of the Box or similar trees.
Mahogany
Hard wood, reddish-brown in colour with a fine-grain often used in the manufacture of furniture.
Ash
The powdery residue left after the combustion of substances, especially wood and paper.
Elm
Wood from the elm tree.
Teak
An exotic hardwood with great strength and durability.
Lignum Vitae
The hard, heavy wood obtained from plants of the genus Guaiacum.
Softwood
Wood which is soft or easily cut, particularly the wood of coniferous trees.
Ebony
The hard, black, heavy wood of various tropical trees native to Africa and Asia, used in furniture manufacture and for making ornaments.
Walnut
Timber from trees of the genus Juglans, used for the manufacture of furniture
Timber
Wood, cut and seasoned for use as a constructional material.
Flagstones
Paving Stones
Flat stones used to create flat surfaces, e.g. pavements.
Silver Specie
Silver Coin
Silver fashioned into coin for use as currency.
Specie
Florins
Originally gold coins issued in Florence, but later used for various coins issued on the continent. In modern Britain, the two shilling piece.
Coin
Pieces of metal money usually small in size and circular in design. Manufacture from a variety of metals including gold and silver but more recently manufactured from base metals and alloys.
Twine
Packthread
Thread
String
Line, cord or thread, especially that used for tying up parcels, etc. Also use for "twine", i.e. twisted thread, for the same purpose, and medieval equivalents, e.g. "packthread".
Tombstones
Headstones
Gravestones
Carved stones used for marking a grave.
Bikes
Bicycles
Two-wheeled vehicles for personal transport with pedals for propulsion by the rider.
Pumice Stones
Pumice
A light porous acid volcanic rock used for scouring and, in powdered form, as an abrasive and for polishing. Also used to make lightweight concrete.
Vitriol
Sulphuric Acid
Corrosive, dense, oily acid, usually in aqueous solution, used in the chemical industry.
Shipping Containers
Intermodal Containers
A standardized rectangular steel container used for the transportation of goods by road rail and sea.
Ochre
An earth derived pigment.
Soda
Sodium carbonate, usually derived from common salt, used for a variety of purposes including the manufacture of glass and soap.
Barytes
Sulphate of Barium
Chalk
Soft limestone consisting almost entirely of calcite.
Phosphate Rock
Rock containing a high proportion of calcium phosphate.
Copper Pyrites
A mineral of copper, iron and sulphur and is the main ore of copper.
Saltpetre
Potassium nitrate
Chinastone
Partially decomposed granite used to produce a glaze for porcelain.
Pyrites
Traditionally a mineral that could be used for striking fire but now a term commonly used to refer to various sulphides, especially iron disulphide.
Manganese
A hard metallic element used in steels and magnetic alloys. Compounds containing manganese are used in glass-making and other industrial processes.
Asbestos
A fibrous silicate mineral used to manufacture incombustible items.
Cement
Powder mixed with water and applied as a paste for binding stones and bricks or for forming floors, walls etc.
Graphite
One of the allotropes of carbon, commonly used in pencils.
Copperas
Sulphates, used in medicine and to colour inks.
Minerals
Naturally occuring substances eg. coal and salt, obtained by mining.
Piece Goods
Cloth that has been woven in fixed lengths for sale.
Flannel
Soft, loose-textured, woollen or man-made fabric.
Nankeen
A type of cotton cloth of a pale yellow colour.
Muslin
Fine cotton fabric of a delicate weave.
Cloth
Woven or felted fabric used in the manufacture of garments, tablecloths, towels etc.
Biscuit
Traditionally, pieces of unleavened cake or bread usually small in size and dry, crisp and hard.
Preserves
Traditionally any food preserved by boiling with sugar, salting, pickling etc. Nowadays used specifically for fruit which has been preserved with sugar.
Bread
A staple foodstuff made with flour, water and usually yeast, which is kneaded and then baked. Can include unleavened (no yeast) varieties.
Chocolate
Paste or cake of the fruit of the cacao-tree, sweetened with other substances and used to make beverages or confectionery.
Hops
Conelike spikes of the hop plant used in the brewing industry to give a bitter flavour to beer and malt liquors.
Bottled Goods
Goods, usually foodstuffs, preserved in glass bottles, jars, etc. Examples are bottled fruit, pickled onions, jam, honey.
Arrowroot
A pure starch obtained from the tubers of the plant Maranta arundinacea used in cookery as a thickening agent.
Coffee
The beans, or powder resulting from grinding the beans, of shrubs of the genus Coffea. The powder is used to make the drink Coffee.
Sugar
A sweet, crystalline subtance obtained from sugar beet or sugar cane and used in cooking, brewing etc.
Cocoa
Powder produced by grinding cacao beans, used as the main ingredient for the drink Cocoa.
Tea
Dried leaves from the plant Camellia sinensis, which is used to make a drink by infusing the leaves in boiling water.
Roe
Fish eggs, e.g. from cod or, for example, caviar.
Food
Includes raw and processed.
Blubber
The fat removed from the carcass of a whale or seal and used in the manufacture of cosmetics and as a fuel for tallow lamps.
Grease
Fat from an animal used to lubricate objects.
Coral
A calcareous, hard substance, the external skeleton of marine polyps, used in the manufacture of jewellery.
Leather
Animal skins which have been treated by tanning or similar.
Train Oil
Product of boiled blubber
Wax
A malleable water repellant substance created by animals or as a coating to parts of plants.
Sponges
Soft, porous objects used in bathing and for cleaning. Originally made from the dried skeletons of marine sponges but now more commonly manufactured from synthetic foam.
Animal Products
Products derived from the carcasses or hides of animals. Includes bone and ivory products, blubber and grease but not meat.
Bottles
Narrow necked containers, originally of leather but now usually made of glass or plastic. Used for storing liquids.
Amphorae
Double-handled storage jars characterised by a long neck and long body used as food and wine containers and for carrying such goods as cargo, found on shipwrecks from Classical antiquity (Greek/Roman).
Gunnies
Coarse jute sacking
Crates
Wooden boxes or cases for carrying fruit and other similar goods.
Containers
Receptacles, including boxes, barrels etc., designed to contain something.
Steel Plate
Steel which has been formed into sheets.
Steel Ingots
Solid bars made from steel.
Steel Bars
Steel, usually unworked, in the form of bars.
Steel
Alloys of iron which have great strength, malleability and which are able to be tempered to different degrees of hardness. Used for the manufacturwe of tools, machinery etc.
Corn
The seed of a cereal plant used in the manufacture of foodstuffs.
Barley
Grain from a cereal of the genus hordeum, often used in the manufacture of alcoholic spirits.
Rice
A grain, obtained from the grass Oryza sativa, eaten as a staple in many parts of the world.
Oats
Grains of cereal used as food.
Malt
Grain, especially barley, prepared for brewing, distilling or vinegar making.
Maize
A cereal, yellow in colour, the grains of which are embedded in a core known as the cob.
Flour
A soft, powder used in the manufacture of bread and foodstuffs, obtained by grinding wheat or other grain.
Meal
A powder made by grinding the edible part of various grains, and used as a foodstuff.
Rye
A cereal used to make spirits, beer and coarse bread.
Oatmeal
Ground oats used as food, often in the form of porridge.
Grain
Collective name for the seeds of various cereal grasses.
Wheat
A cereal of the genus Triticum, which can be ground to manufacture flour for bread and pasta.
Cereal
Any of the plants of the grass family, Graminae, cultivated for their edible seeds, especially corn, wheat etc.
Cod Liver Oil
Oil obtained from the liver of the cod, providing a rich source of vitamins A and D.
Fish Oil
Oil manufactured from fish.
Coconut Oil
Oil obtained from the flesh of the coconut and used in ointments, soaps etc.
Palm Oil
Oil derived from palms, used for a variety of purposes.
Molasses
An uncrystallized syrup, produced as part of the sugar refining process. Used as a food additive and in the production of rum.
Vinegar
A sour tasting liquid, produced from wine and other liquors, used as a preservative, in pickling, or as a flavouring for food.
Olive Oil
Oil produced from the pulp of olives.
Liquids
A fluid substance. Use for unspecified liquids only, where known use more specific type.
Granite Boulders
Boulders of unprocessed granite.
Granite Chips
Small fragments of granite.
Moorstone
A form of granite found in Cornwall
Granite Blocks
Blocks carved out of granite and used as a building material.
Granite
A granular, crystalline, hard rock often used as a building material.
Indigo
A dark blue powder, obtained from plants or synthetically manufactured, used as a dye.
Ivory Nuts
The seeds of the palm Phytelephas macrocarpa, the albumen of which, hardens resembling ivory in colour, texture and toughness and is used to make ornamental buttons etc.
Jute
Fibres obtained from plants and used in the manufacture of ropes, sacking, canvas etc.
Coconut Fibre Matting
Matting manufactured using the fibres from the outer husks of coconuts.
Rape Seed
The oil rich seed of the plant Bracchus napus.
Straw
The stalks of cereals separated from the grain br threshing and used as fodder, basket manufacture, thatch etc.
Hay
Dried grass used as fodder.
Turpentine
An oil obtained by the distillation of wood and used as a solvent and paint thinner and in some medical preparations.
Tobacco
The dried leaves of the plants, Nicotiana tabacum or Nicotiana rustica, which are smoked (in pipes, cigars or cigarettes), chewed or taken as snuff for their relaxing properties.
Copra
Dried kernel of coconut
Gum
A substance secreted by some plants which hardens upon drying but is soluble in water.
Esparto Grass
A grass, used in paper making, native to Spain and North Africa.
Rubber
The latex of plants tacky in its normal state and elastic after treatment. Used for a variety of purposes.
Plant Products
Products manufactured from plant materials.
Oysters
A mollusc usually used as a foodstuff.
Prawns
Small, marine crustaceans are used as food.
Shellfish
Aquatic invertebrate animals whose outer covering is a shell, often 'farmed' to be eaten. Includes molluscs and crustaceans.
Porter
A bitter beer brewed using charred or browned malt.
Beer
An alcoholic drink made by the fermentation of malt and flavoured with hops or other bitters.
Spelter
Zinc, now mainly used for smelted zinc but has been used to include zinc ores.
Zinc Ingots
Solid bars made from pure zinc.
Zinc
A hard, lustrous metallic element obtained from various ores, including sphalerite, and used in roofing, alloys and for galvanizing iron.
Glycerine
A colourless, thick sweet liquid used in the manufacture of chemicals.
Benzine
A mixture of paraffins distilled from petroleum and used as a fuel and solvent.
Naphtha
A flammable liquid that occurs naturally and is also now distilled.
Tar
A thick, viscous, black liquid obtained by the destructive distillation of coal or other organic substances used for preserving wood or rope and for covering road surfaces.
Pitch
A dark, viscous substance obtained, from the distillation of wood tar or turpentine, and used as a sealant for caulking the seams of a ship or boat.
White Spirit
A volatile, colourless distillate of petroleum used as a solvent and paint thinner.
Oil Based Products
Materials or goods which have been produced wholly or in part from oil, e.g. petroleum.
Cast Iron Pipes
Pipes manufactured from cast iron and used for a variety of purposes.
Iron Pipes
Pipes manufactured from iron and used for a variety of purposes.
Whisky
An alcoholic spirit distilled from malted barley or barley and maize or rye.
Rum
An alcoholic spirit distilled from sugar products, especially molasses.
Gin
An alcoholic beverage distilled from grain or malt and usually flavoured with juniper berries.
Brandy
Alcoholic drink distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.
Spirits
Usually distilled alcohollic drink but also used for liquids where a substance is in solution with alcohol.
Salted Mackerel
Mackerel which has been salted to preserve it.
Salted Fish
Fish of any kind preserved by salting, for example salted cod such as bacalhau or bacalao.
Felt
Fabric manufactured from fibrous materials, consolidated by heat and compression so that the fibres become matted together.
Calico
Plain, white, cotton cloth often unbleached.
Silk
A fine, soft fibre produced by silkworms and used to make thread for textiles. Also the cloth made from this thread.
Blankets
Bed coverings, usually of woollen or similar natural or artificial fabrics.
Carpet
Wool, textile, or synthetic floor covering material.
Sailcloth
Canvas or similar fabric used for the manufacture of sails.
Canvas
A strong unbleached cloth manuifactured from hemp, flax or similarly coarse yarn. Used mainly in the manufacture of sails, tents and for painting on.
Flags
Pieces of material, usually decorated, used as standards, for signalling or for decoration. Often used as a symbol of a particular nation eg. the Union Flag of Great Britain.
Textiles
Threads of material used to form cloth.
Fire Bricks
Bricks capable of withstanding heat without burning. Used to line fireplaces, kilns etc.
Board
Flat, rectangular piece of material, traditionally of wood but now of any material, used in the construction industries.
Girders
Beams of wood, iron, steel etc., used in the construction industry.
Roofing Shingles
Thin, rectangular tiles, usually made of wood, used for roofing.
Tiles
Shaped material used for covering buildings, usually as a roofing material though can be used on walls or floors. Often of fired clay they can be of other materials particularly stone.
Corrugated Iron
Sheets of iron or steel bent into a series of ridges and hollows to give added strength and rigidity.
Staves
Pieces of timber shaped for use in the construction of buildings, barrels etc.
Loam
Fertile soil composed mainly of humus, sand and clay.
Steel Rails
Steel in the form of rails eg. for use in the construction of railways.
Asphalt
A viscous, bituminous pitch which can be used for surfacing roads.
Bricks
Construction blocks manufactured using clay which is then fired or sun dried.
Battens
Long narrow pieces of wood used for a variety of purposes.
Laths
Narrow strips of wood used in the building industry.
Nails
Metal spikes used for fixing one object to another.
Concrete
Building material made by combining gravel, cement, water and sand. When hard it forms a stonelike surface, used for paving and building.
Creosote
A liquid derived from wood tar through a distillation process. Now used to describe timber preservative derived from coal tar.
Iron Rails
Iron in the form of rails eg. for use in the construction of railways.
Poles
A long thin piece of wood,
Planks
Timber sawn into long, flat, pieces used for flooring etc. in buildings.
Glass
Hard, transparent, brittle substance manufactured by fusing soda or potash with other ingredients. Used for glazing windows and in the manufacture of drinking vessels.
Construction Materials
Materials used for the construction of buildings, vehicles or other objects.
Kainite
A mineral salt consisting of potassium chloride and mangensium sulphate, used as a fertilizer.
Coprolites
Fossilized animal dung, often ground into powder and used as fertilizer.
Superphosphate
A chemical fertilizer made by treating powdered phosphate rock with sulphuric acid.
Manure
Dung or compost, carried either as an export cargo or as waste to be dumped out at sea.
Fertilizer
Substances, either natural or man-made, used to make soil more fertile.
Deals
Planks or boards manufactured from softwood timber.
Plants And Plant Products
Includes all trees, flowers, vegetables etc. and any products manufactured from them.
Provisions
Supplies including food, drink and equipment necessary for a journey.
Mats
Articles, usually woven from coarse fibres or made from hard wearing materials (eg. rubber or cork) used to protect the floor or for lying, sitting or kneeling on.
Government Stores
Supplies owned by, or for the use of, the government.
Jewels
Articles of value particularly those made with precious metals and precious stones, usually worn for adornment.
Ballast
A heavy substance, usually gravel, sand or lead, placed in the bilge of a ship or boat to provide stability.
Statues
A three dimensional representation of a figure, whether animal or human, produced by carving, casting sculpting or similar.
Cargo
This is the top term for the thesaurus.
Hides
Animal skins, either raw or dressed which are used in the tanning industry to produce leather.
Animal Skins
The hides of animals, either untreated or tanned.
Zinc Oxide
A white powder used to colour medicines, paints etc.
Drugs
A substance used to affect a human or animal by changing mental or physical states, particularly used in medicine.
Arsenic
A semi metal, poisonous element used in a variety of industrial processes and in some medicinal preparations.
Phosphate
Salts or organic derivatives of phosphoric acid, especially compounds of Calcium or Iron found in cereals and minerals.
Calcium Carbonate
A natural compound used as in the building and medical industies.
Potassium Silicate
A compound consisting of potassium and silica, used in various processes.
Soda Ash
Commercially manufactured sodium carbonate used in glass and soap making.
Nitrate Of Soda
A fertilizer containing nitrogen, derived from sodium nitrate.
Sulphur
A non-metallic element, yellow in colour, used in a variety of processes.
Chemicals
Substances, including acids, alkalis etc. obtained by or used in a chemical process.
Copper Ore
A mineral containing high quantities of Copper.
Burnt Ore
Ore that has been burnt.
Zinc Ore
Ore containing a high proportion of zinc.
Lead Ore
Ore containing high levels of lead, eg. galena.
Bog Ore
A form of limonite, found in wet ground, from which iron can be extracted.
Bauxite
Mineral ore comprising mainly aluminium ore and mined for aluminium extraction.
Tin Ore
Ore containing a high proportion of tin.
Antimony Ore
An ore, such as stibnite, containing a high proportion of antimony.
Purple Ore
A sulphide of copper and iron, reddish brown in colour.
Ore
An unprocessed mineral, collected for the extraction of metals or other substances contained within the mineral.
Cotton Goods
Goods manufactured from processed cotton.
Raw Cotton
Cotton which has not been processed.
Cotton
The white, fibrous substance surrounding the seeds of plants of the genus Gossypium, which can be spun and used in the manufacture of thread and cloth or used in its raw form as wadding or packing.
Figs
Soft, pear-shaped fruits of the Ficus carica tree. They can be eaten fresh or dried.
Grapes
Edible fruit of the vine, which may be either red or white.
Oranges
Citrus fruit of a distinctive orange colour.
Lemons
Citrus fruit of a distinctive yellow colour.
Olives
Fruit native to the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
Apples
The round, firm fleshed fruit of the apple (Malus Domestica) tree. Grown in numerous varieties throughout the world.
Limes
Citrus fruit, usually green.
Fruit
The edible product of a plant, usually consisting of the seed and its sweet, juicy envelope.
Flint
Stone consisting of nearly pure silica, which can be used as a building material or knapped to produce flint objects.
Gravel
Small fragments of waterworn stone used in the construction industry.
Shingle
Small stones which have been rounded usually by the action of sea water.
Crushed Stone
Stone which has been crushed for use in the construction industry.
Limestone
Stone composed mainly of calcium carbonate, used as a building material and in the production of cement.
Aggregate
Material consisting of fragments of stone, sand, gravel, slag etc. used in the manufacture of concrete.
Stone
Rock or hard minerals used as a building material and for carving etc.
Hemp
A herbaceous plant grown for its fibre and marijuana, a drug derivative. The fibres are used in the manufacture of rope.
Emigrants
People who leave their native country to settle in another, often for financial or religious reasons.
Passengers
People who have paid to travel on a vessel without having to work their passage.
Ironmongery
Goods, including machinery, manufactured from iron.
Scrap Iron
Fragments of wrought or cast iron broken up for reprocessing.
Cast Iron
A metallic alloy of iron, carbon and silicon formed by casting in a mould.
Iron Ingots
Solid bars made from pure iron.
Osemund
Also spelt "oszemundt" and other variants. Low-grade cast iron in the form of balls or spheres, produced in small workshops and exported across the North Sea and Baltic region. Particularly associated with 16th century Sweden.
Pig Iron
Blocks of cast iron as it appears when first removed from the smelting furnace.
Iron Bars
Iron, usually unworked, in the form of bars.
Iron
A magnetic metal found abundantly in certain ores and widely used for the manufacture of tools, machinery etc. Iron is also a chief component of steel.
Pewter
An alloy, traditionally of tin and lead but now of tin, antimony and copper, used for domestic utensils.
Antimony
A brittle silvery metallic element used in the manufacture of many alloys.
Scrap Metal
Fragments of metal broken up and set aside for reprocessing.
Silver
A precious metal, lustrous white in colour. Used for the manufacture of coins and other valuable items.
Nickel
a hard metal used in a lot of alloys.
Bronze
An alloy, principally of copper or tin, but which may also include zinc and/or lead.
Mercury
A heavy, metallic element, which is liquid at room temperature. Used in thermometers and medicinal preparations.
Brass
Originally a metallic alloy of copper and tin or zinc, now used solely for an alloy of copper and zinc.
Metal
Any material, including gold, silver, copper, tin etc. which is ductile, malleable, usually lustrous and a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Beef
The meat obtained from cattle.
Pork
The flesh obtained from pigs eaten as food.
Bacon
The cured flesh of a pig.
Lard
A fatty substance derived from the fat of animals used in cooking.
Meat
The flesh of animals, either raw or cooked, used as food.
Petroleum
A dark, viscous liquid, obtained from the ground, which is refined for use as a fuel for motor vehicles and in generators to produce light and heat, and as a solvent.
Slaves
People who are considered to be the property of someone else and who are bound to obedience.
Convicts
People who have been convicted of criminal offences. Traditionally criminals, even those convicted of petty offences, were transported from Europe to penal colonies in the Americas and Australia.
People
Human beings. Use more specific type where known.
Nutmeg
A hard aromatic seed, obtained from the fruit of an East Indian evergreen tree and used as a spice.
Ginger
The stem of the plant Zingiber officinale, with a characterisitc hot and peppery taste, used in cookery and medicine.
Cinnamon
Spice from the bark of an East Indian tree
Cloves
Dried flower buds, used as a pungent aromatic spice.
Spices
Aromatic vegetable substances, either in their natural form or ground, used to add flavour or scent to food.
Spices And Seasonings
Various flavoured aromatic and savoury substances, such as herbs, salt etc, used to impart flavour to food.
Swords
Weapons used for cutting and thrusting, consisting of a blade and a hilt.
Munitions
Military weapons, amunition and stores.
Whale Oil
Oil obtained from the rendered blubber of whales, used as a fuel in old oil lamps.
Woollen Goods
Goods, particularly cloth and garments, manufactured from wool.
Wool
The hair from the coat of goats and sheep, made into yarn and used in the manufacture of woollen cloth.
Samian Ware
Roman-era pottery, principally made in areas from modern-day France and Germany, for food use, with a characteristic glossy red surface and which may be either decorated or plain, and often produced in quantity as an export cargo.
Earthenware
Ceramic vessels made from potash, sand, feldspar and clay which is biscuit fired at a temperature of around 1000 degree Celsius. Usually glazed in order to become watertight.
Pottery
Ceramic vessels produced out of wet clay which is shaped ad dried or fired to harden. In some cases other materials like sand are added to the clay.
Starch
An odourless, tasteless powder obtained from cereals and potatoes, used for stiffening fabric.
Clocks
Instruments for measuring and displaying time. Often manufactured as a piece of furniture e.g.a grandfather clock.
Mirrors
"Looking glasses", up to and including the medieval period made of polished steel or other reflective metals; later a piece of glass with a reflective coating, e.g. silver or aluminium.
Matches
Small pieces of wood, tipped with a chemical composition which ignites when rubbed against a rough or, if safety matches, prepared surface. Normally contained within a small box.
Furniture
Movable, usually functional, articles normally found in the home.
Soap
A cleansing agent, manufactured by reacting natural oils and fats with a strong alkali. Nowadays, formed into bars with added colouring and perfume.
Household Goods
Goods, including portable objects and furniture, commonly found in the home.
Copper Pipes
Pipes manufactured from copper used for a variety of purposes, especially plumbing.
Concrete Pipes
Pipes manufactured from concrete used in the construction industry for drainage etc.
Pipes
Hollow cylinders or tubes of ceramic, wood, plastic or metal used to convey liquids, gases etc. Used in a variety of industries.
Cider
An alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice.
Alcoholic Drink
Drinks containing alcohol, an intoxicating substance found in fermented or distilled liquids.
Mohair
Hair from the Angora goat
Bristles
Stiff hairs used in the manufacture of brushes.
Animal Hair
Hair taken from animals and used in a variety of manufacturing processes.
Human Hair
Cut human hair, usually intended for wig-making.
Hair
The fine, keratinized, flexible filaments that grow from follicles beneath the surface of the skin in mammals.
Beans
Seeds of any of the various related plants of the leguminous plant Vicia faba.
Potatoes
The edible tubers of plants of the family Ipomoea Batatas eaten as a vegetable.
Garlic
The plant, Allium sativum, whose bulb is used for culinary purposes.
Peas
The round seeds of the plant Pisum sativum which grow in pods and are eaten as a vegetable.
Lentils
Small seeds of the leguminous plant Lens culinaris, eaten in stews and soups.
Onions
The plant, Allium cepa, whose bulb is used, usually for culinary purposes.
Vegetables
Any plants which are grown to be eaten. Includes parts of plants, especially roots and leaves.
Charcoal
Porous black residue of partly burnt wood, bones etc. used as fuel or, in the form of charcoal pencils, as a tool for drawing.
Toys
Objects designed to be played with, often a model or miniature replica of something and especially for a child.
Pens
Writing implements; formerly quill pens made of bird feathers, and in more modern times fountain pens made of various materials with metal nibs, both used with ink to write.
Fishing Gear
Equipment used to catch fish
Porcelain
Hard semi-translucent ceramic material made out of kaolin, quartz and feldspar which is biscuit fired at around 1000 degrees Celsius and glaze fired at around 1300 degrees Celsius.
Navigation Buoys
Buoys used to direct craft on water along the correct route or away from a hazard. Usually used in coastal areas.
Perfume
A substance designed to emit a sweet smell.
Diving Equipment
Equipment including diving suits, wet suits, oxygen tanks etc. used to enable people to undertake underwater activities.
Springs
Coiled substance, usually metal or plastic, used to absorb shocks or in timepieces since it can stretch and return to its original shape.
Beads
Articles intended for personal adornment, usually to be strung on items of jewellery or sewn onto clothing. They may be made out of worked raw materials (eg. shells) or be manufactured goods, for example glass beads.
Fireworks
Explosive devices which produce spectacular visual effects when ignited.
Chain
A series of links joined together to form something that is flexible and strong. Usually metal, chains have a variety of uses but usually involve joining one item to another.
Glassware
Articles, particularly drinking vessels, manufactured from glass.
Paint
A liquid used to provide a protective or decorative cover to a surface.
Cosmetics
Preparations for beautifying or enhancing the body, face, hair or skin, e.g. creams, and coloured "make-up" items, e.g. rouge, lipstick, etc.
Horse Tack
Equipment enabling a horse to be ridden or driven, eg. saddles, bridles, harnesses, stirrups etc.
Manufactured Goods
Items that have been through a manufacturing process. Use specific type where known.
Stone Blocks
Worked pieces of stone. Use more specific type of stone where known.
Weapons
Any form of arms or ammunition whether from a formal organized military context or as a general cargo. Use specific terms - e.g. swords, bombs, where known; otherwise use this term primarily in contexts where the arms are unspecified or ancient.
Stationery
Paper products intended for note-taking or correspondence, e.g. blank notebooks, diaries, writing paper, postcards
Bank Notes
Paper currency. Bank notes may be of any denomination or value and of any nationality.
Books
Documents written on sheets of paper or similar, collected together and bound between protective covers.
Paper Pulp
Paper
Thin sheets of material used for a variety of purposes such as writing on, painting on, or printing on.
Paper And Paper Products
Includes all forms of paper and any products manufactured from it.
Personal Effects
Baggage, plate, money, clothes and other personal belongings of all kinds. Use only where the vessel is a cargo vessel conveying the goods of a person of consequence, e.g. a noble or diplomat, rather than for a general passenger vessel.
General Cargo
Use for cargoes which are not specified.
Bulldozers
Heavy caterpillar tractors fitted with broad blades to the front for moving or levelling earth and obstacles.
Tyres
A hoop or band of material put around a wheel to protect it and, when filled with air, to provide a more comfortable ride.
Locomotives
Railway engines designed to travel under its own power and to draw railway carriages and rolling stock.
Vehicles
Transportation, usually wheeled or tracked, used for the conveyance of goods or people.
Landing Craft
Inshore craft used for carrying troops and military equipment used either for beach landings or as a ferry; as cargo smaller landing craft could be carried aboard larger craft in the D-Day operations, for example.
Military Vehicles
Vehicles owned or used by the armed forces. Includes tanks, armoured vehicles as well as civilian vehicles in use by the military eg. ambulances.
Palm Kernels
The edible seed of the palm tree.
Crude Oil
Unrefined oil used in the manufacture of petroleum.
Lubricating Oil
Oil used to lubricate moving parts, particularly in machinery.
Oil
A smooth, flammable liquid, produced naturally or from plants or animals, and used for a variety of purposes.
Ironstone
Hard iron ores
Iron Ore
Ore containing high proportions of Iron.
Linen
A cloth woven from flax.
Slag
A waste product from smelting metal.
Mud
Soft, damp soil.
Guano
The excrement of seabirds and bats used as a fertilizer.
Rubbish
Waste material.
Industrial Waste
Waste material resulting from industrial manufacturing processes.
Sludge
Mud, which has often been dredged from the beds of rivers.
Sewage
Waste matter, usually liquid in form, consisting of the contents of sewers and cesspits.
Clinker
Usually slag, a residue from burning stone, but can be used for vitrified bricks.
Fertilizer And Waste
Includes chemical and natural fertilizers and waste products. use more specific term.
Yarn
Threads prepared for use in a manufacturing process such as spinning, weaving etc.
Lace
An ornate, openwork fabric made by twisting, knotting or looping threads. Originally made by hand but more recently manufactured mechanically.
Textiles And Clothing
Clothing, cloth and woven fabric manufactured from either natural or artificial fibres.
Cochineal
A red dye made from the dried bodies of the insect Dactylopius coccus.
Pigment
Colour or dye, often in powder form, from natural mineral or vegetable sources (e.g. ochre) or created through chemical process (e.g. lamp black).
Railway Sleepers
Large blocks of timber used to support railway tracks.
Railway Track
Rolled iron or steel formed into rails.
Railway Components
Equipment and parts used in the manufacture of railway tracks, locomotives and rolling stock.
Masts
Long poles or spars, usually set vertically, on sailing boats and ships to support the sails.
Anchors
Structures, traditonally consisting of a long shank with two arms at one end and a ring to attach to cable at the other, used to hold a ship in one place by mooring it to the bottom of the sea. Usually made of stone or metal.
Ship Fittings
Materials used to equip and fit out a ship. Includes masts, spars, rigging etc. Use only where evidence is less specific, otherwise use most relevant term.
Whiting
Small fish, common in European waters, caught for food.
Live Fish
Fish which have been caught and kept alive. Fish were kept alive on ships in earlier centuries to ensure they reached their destination as fresh as possible. In more recent times exotic fish have been kept alive to sell as pets.
Herring
Fish of the family Clupeidae, common to the North Atlantic. They are caught for food.
Cod
Large fish, native to the North Atlantic and adjacents seas which has been fished since the Middle Ages.
Dried Fish
Fish which has been preserved by drying.
Pilchards
Small fish, Sardina pilchardus, common to European waters and eaten as a food fish.
Fish
Any of a large group of cold blooded vertebrates who live exclusively in water. Also can refer to the flesh of fish which is eaten.
Coal Tar
Thick, black liquid distilled from bituminous coal, and containing many organic chemicals.
Anthracite
Non bituminous coal
Coke
A fuel derived by dry distillation from coal.
Coal
Hard, black, carbonized plant matter, usually found in seams below the earth's surface and used as a fuel and for the manufacture of gas.
Bullion And Coin
Metal, either precious or base, in the form of bars and coins. Use more specific type.
Flax
The fibrous stalks of the plant, Linum usitatissimum, which can be processed and used to manufacture linen.
Peat
Vegetable matter decomposed in water and partially carbonized to form bogs, whence slabs are cut out to use as fuel.
Diesel
An oil based derivative used as a fuel in diesel engines.
Gas
An airlike, fluid hydrocarbon suitable for burning to produce light, heat or power.
Gas Oil
A liquid distilled from petroleum.
Fuel
Materials or substances, including petrol, firewood etc., used as a source of heat or power.
Lime
A white, caustic solid obtained by heating limestone and used in the preparation of mortar and cement.
Kerbstones
Stones used to edge a pavement or raised path.
Stone Dust
Powder made from particles of stone used in mining to make the coal dust in the air less combustible.
Stone Products
Products manufactured from stone.
Rope
A cord manufactured by twisting strands of material, such as flax, cotton, nylon etc., together to form a strong line.
Cordage
Thick ropes and rigging.
Soldiers
People who serve as members of an army.
Prisoners Of War
Persons captured in land or naval engagements either being transported to prison out of their native country, sent for exchange, or being returned home.
Military Personnel
Personnel serving with one of the three armed forces - army, navy or air force.
Agricultural Implements
Tools and equipment used for agricultural purposes.
Tools
Manufactured objects and devices used to apply a force to an object or perform a particular mechanical function.
Bombs
Containers filled with high explosive, which can be fired from artillery pieces, thrown, dropped by aircraft or placed by hand and detonated in various ways.
Torpedoes
Cylindrical, self-propelled missiles which travel underwater and explode on impact.
Dynamite
A high explosive, manufactured by absorbing unstable nitroglycerine in a material such as kieselguhr, a soft, earthy material.
Mines
Explosive devices, usually of metal, placed in the ground or floating in water with the purpose of endangering enemy personnel or shipping.
Gunpowder
A powder made from charcoal, sulphur and potassium nitrate and used as an explosive in fireworks, flintlock guns etc.
Explosives
Manufactured goods, including shells, dynamite etc., containing substances which can be made to explode.
Bone Ash
The powdery residue of burnt bones.
Bones
The hard material, consisting mainly of calcium compounds, which makes up the skeleton of vertebrates. Used for ornaments or ground for use in the manufacture of bone china.
China Clay
Clay used in the manufacture of fine ceramics especially porcelain.
Fire Clay
Clay used in the manufacture of fire bricks.
Pipe Clay
A fine white clay used specifically for the manufacture of clay tobacco pipes and for whitening leather.
Clay
Fine grained earth which becomes more plastic when water is added. Mainly used in the manufacture of bricks, pottery and other ceramics.
Claret
A type of Red Wine from Bordeaux in France.
Madeira
Fortified wine produced on the island of Madeira.
Sturne
Unfermented wine.
Port Wine
A strong, sweet fortified wine made in Portugal.
Champagne
A sparkling, white wine traditionally from the Champagne region of France. Now used, loosely, to refer to any sparkling white wine.
Wine
An alcoholic drink made from fermented grape juice (or occasionally other fruits).
Olivine Sand
Sand consisting of a mineral common in igneous rocks.
Sand
A material in a granular form that is smaller than gravel and created by the erosion of rocks.
Gemstones
Cut or uncut stones, usually intended to be set into jewellery, and including precious gems, e.g. diamonds, sapphires, or semi-precious materials, e.g. quartz, agate, amber.
Woad
The blue dyestuff prepared from the leaves of the plant Isatis tinctoria, and sometimes used to discribe the plant itself. Later superseded by indigo.
Rosin
An amber like substance derived from pine or turpentine.
Resin
Hydrocarbon secretion of a tree or bush, either naturally exuded or deliberately tapped from the tree, valued for its varied uses in chemicals and perfumery.
Dress Accessories
Items worn or carried as an adjunct to clothing, for example, headdresses, sashes, fans, masks etc.
Tank Components
Machinery and parts for the manufacture or assembly of military tanks, i.e. armoured vehicles.
Tanks
Tracked, armoured fighting vehicles designed for front-line combat.
Sewing Machines
Machines for mechanical sewing, as opposed to sewing by hand. Victoriran and early 20th century examples are usually constructed of metal and operated by a hand wheel or treadle. Later examples may be electrically operated and/or have a plastic shell.
Farm Machinery
Machinery including tractors, ploughs, harrows etc, which are used on farms.
Mining Machinery
Machinery, e.g. drive wheels, used in powering and excavating mines, i.e. mines for the extraction of minerals such as coal, lead or tin.
Machinery
Apparatus used for applying a mechanical force, or to perform a particular function. Use more specific type where known.
Ammonium Nitrate
A fertilizer derived from nitrogen; also known as nitrate of ammonia.
Nitrate
A fertilizer containing nitrogen.
Copper Ingots
Solid bars made from pure Copper metal.
Copper
A reddish metal used in alloys, coins and the construction and electronics industries.
Horses
Large mammals, domesticated for riding and as draught animals.
Non Domesticated Animals
Any animal other than livestock (animals carried as food); animals used for transport (horses; mules); and domestic pets. Such animals may be exported as specimens, for zoos, menageries, and circuses, or as unusual pets (e.g. elephants, monkeys).
Cattle
Large mammals of the genus Bos, domesticated to provide milk, beef and materials eg. leather. Use only for live animals.
Donkeys
Equine mammal used primarily as a beast of burden.
Pigs
Domesticated animals, derived from the wild boar, kept as a source of ham, bacon and pork products.
Mules
Draught animals produced by mating asses and horses.
Animals
Use for cargoes of live animals only.
Bullion
Metal, usually gold and silver, in the form of ingots prior to being minted into coinage.
Sulphur Ore
Ore containing a high proportion of sulphur.
Manganese Ore
An ore containing a high proportion of manganese.
Gypsum
Calcium sulphate used as a fertilizer and for making plaster of Paris.
Mineral Ore
An ore containing sufficient quantities of a mineral as to make its extraction profitable.
Culm
Coal dust or slack, especially that of anthracite.
Coal Dust
Powdered coal.
Liquorice
A preparation made from the evaporated juice of the rhizome of the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, used medicinally and as a sweet, usually in the form of a black, chewy substance.
Prunes
Dried or partially dried plums eaten as fruit.
Raisins
Dried or partially dried grapes eaten as a fruit.
Currants
Dried seedless grapes used in cookery.
Dried Fruit
Fruit which has been preserved by drying.
Linseed Oil
Oil produced from the seed of the flax plant. Used in the production of paints, varnish etc.
Linseed Cake
The seed of the flax plant pressed into cakes and used as cattle fodder.
Linseed
The seed of the flax plant used to produce oil and, in LINSEED CAKE, as fodder.
Cotton Seed
Seed of the cotton plant from which edible oil is extracted.
Seed
The grains of various plants from which new plants grown.
Eggs
A spheroid produced predominantly by birds, though also produced by some animals, which encases the young creature providing a place for it to develop.
Butter
Dairy produce obtained by churning cream and used in cookery as a source of fat.
Cheese
Dairy produce formed from the curds of milk, coagulated by rennet and pressed into a solid mass.
Dairy Produce
Products, such as cheese and butter, manufactured from milk.
Roofing Slate
Thin plates of slate, usually rectangular in shape, used as roofing tiles.
Slate
A fine grained rock which splits easily into plates. Used for the manufacture of roofing tiles etc.
Uniforms
Clothes which are distinctive in cut, colour and fabric and worn by members of the armed forces, emergency services or civilian organizations to help to distinguish their members form other organizations.
Soil
The top layer of earth consisting of humus and rock particles.
Animals And Animal Products
Animals and products made from the carcasses and hides of dead animals.
Pimentos
Sweet red peppers.
Peppers
The fruit of certain varieties of the plant Capsicum Annum eaten as vegetables.
Navigational Instruments
Instruments for determining position at sea, e.g. compasses, sextants.
Lambs
The young of the sheep.
Sheep
Medium-sized animals domesticated for their wool, skin, meat and milk.
Pianos
Large keyboard, percussion instruments in which strings are struck by hammers to produce notes.
Musical Instruments
Use for unspecified musical instruments.
Paraffin
A solid material which is combustible distilled from petroleum.
Beaver Furs
The pelts of beavers used for the manufacture of fur coats and hats.
Furs
Animal skins which have the outer pelt of fur on them.
Alumina
Aluminium oxide.
Alum
A sulphate of aluminium and potassium used in the dyeing process as a mordant to increase the intake of dye into a cloth.
Aluminium
A light, ductile metal, used in the manufacture of aircraft etc.
Gold Dust
Very fine particles of gold.
Gold
A yellowish, tarnish-resistant precious metal used to make jewellery and coins.
Dispatches
Written communiques, often of a military or governmental nature, requiring fast delivery.
Mail
Letters and parcels transported on behalf of the dispatchers by the postal services.
Tin Plate
Sheets of iron or steel coated with tin.
Tin Ingots
Solid bars made from pure tin.
Tin
A lustrous, malleable metal, which is resistant to corrosion. Tin is used in alloys such as pewter and used in the manufacture of cans for the storage of food.
Candlesticks
Holders for one or more candles, usually of metal or pewter.
Madder
A climbing plant (Rubia tinctorum) which was formerly cultivated for the reddish-purple dye obtained from the roots.
Kelp
Various seaweeds which are burnt to obtain the salts contained in their ashes, which are used in the manufacture of soap and glass.
Barilla
A plant, Salsola soda, burnt to produce alkali.
Plants
A living thing that is not an animal. Use for unspecified plants only. Use a more specific type where known.
Cutlery
Metal knives, forks and spoons, carried either as an export cargo or for crew and/or passengers.
Tableware
Items of crockery and cutlery which are used whilst dining, either to eat with or for table decoration.
China Tableware
Tabelware manufactured from china clay.
Crockery
Tableware manufactured from any kind of ceramic and either carried as an export cargo or for the benefit of crew and/or passengers on board ship.
Watches
Personal apparatus for telling the time, worn either as jewellery or purely functional in nature, usually on the wrist or as a suspended fob.
Sculpture
Three-dimensional artwork usually created out of stone, e.g. marble; metal, e.g. bronze; ceramics, e.g. terracotta, or other suitable materials.
Ornaments
Any unspecified items without utility or function and prized for personal or domestic decorative value. Examples might be unspecified metal objects from the Bronze Age or Victorian Staffordshire china dogs.
Hand Bells
Bells used either as a percussion instrument or for other purposes such as calling attention, marking time periods etc.
Antlers
Bone like material which grows in a branch-like fashion on the heads of male deer and reindeers in general.
Aircraft Components
Machinery and equipment used in the manufacture of aircraft.
Aircraft
Aircraft as cargo carried whole or crated ready for assembly on arrival at the destination port. Do not use where the vessel is an aircraft carrier and the aircraft is carried as part of the vessel's armament.
Dyewood
Wood used to produce a dye.
Acid
Corrosive chemical compounds, usually liquids, which are neutralized by alkalis.
Rock Salt
Salt in its natural state
Salt
A mineral, Sodium Chloride, obtained by mining or the evaporation of brine used as a seasoning and for preserving food.
Oil Cake
Cattle fodder or fertilizer resulting from the extracting of oil from seeds.
Cattle Fodder
Dried produce especially, hay, straw etc. used to feed cattle.
Pepper
A pungent condiment manufactured from the dried berries of the plant Piper Nigrum. Use for cargoes of peppercorns or ground pepper.
Saffron
The stigmas of the crocus, Crocus sativus, used as a flavouring and for colouring food.
Seasonings
Savoury ingredients, such as herbs, used to add flavour to food.
Lead Ingots
Solid bars made from pure lead.
Lead
A soft, heavy, malleable metal, often obtained from the mineral galena. Traditionally used in the construction industry for roofing and plumbing.
Marble Blocks
Blocks cut from marble.
Marble
Collective name, in a true geological sense, for a metamorphosed limestone eg. Carrara marble. In British sense, any decorative stone that will take a polish, eg. Purbeck marble.
Clothing
Items made from cloth, wool etc used as a covering for the human body.
Ice
Frozen water. Prior to the invention of the refrigerator, ice was used to preserve food.
Water
A clear liquid that forms oceans, rivers etc.
Sulphates
A sulphuric acid compound.
Rolling Stock
Carriages, locomotives and other vehicles used on a railway.
Animal Fodder
Food, usually hay or straw, kept for the feeding of animals.
Armour
Protective equipment, usually made of metal, to protect parts of the body, e.g. helmets, breastplates, or full suits of armour, to protect troops or individuals in warfare. Most examples date from the Middle Ages, obsolete from the 17th century.
Jewellery
Intended for personal decoration, objects made of precious, semi-precious or imitation metals and gemstones.
Fullers Earth
Sedimentary clay with smectite mineral properties, originally used for the cleansing ["fulling"] of cloth; in the 20th century it was used for a wider range of industrial applications.
Tallow
A fatty substance rendered from animal fat and used in the manufacture of soap, candles and for dressing leather.
Pickled Salmon
Salmon which has been pickled in vinegar or brine to preserve it.
Salmon
Fish of the Salmonidae family, caught for food.
Honey
A sweet fluid substance, the nectar of flowers, gathered and worked up for food by insects such as bees.
Telescopes
Optical and/or navigational instruments with powerful lenses for observing remote objects or used in astronomy.
Candles
A body of wax or tallow, usually formed into a long, thin, cylindrical shape enclosing a wick and burnt to produce light.