Historic England Maritime Object Material
type: ConceptScheme
issued: 2025-06-20
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: England
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
description: Originally used for recording the construction materials of maritime vessels and, where appropriate, their cargoes. Now generally used for recording the material of an object
has top concept: Object Material

Fibreglass
type: Concept
alternative label: Glass Fibre
alternative label: Fiberglass
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
related: Glass
scope note: A material made from extremely fine fibres of glass and is used as a reinforcing agent for many polymer products.

Carnelian
type: Concept
alternative label: Cornelian
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A brownishred mineral commonly used as a semiprecious gemstone. A variety of the silica mineral chalcedony coloured by impurities of iron oxide.

Variscite
type: Concept
alternative label: Utahlite
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A brownishred mineral commonly used as a semiprecious gemstone. A variety of the silica mineral chalcedony coloured by impurities of iron oxide.

Aluminium
type: Concept
alternative label: Aluminum
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A white ductile metal used, for example, in alloys, for instruments, and in aircraft construction.

Alloy
type: Concept
broader: Metal
narrower: Brass
narrower: Bronze
narrower: Copper Alloy
narrower: Pewter
narrower: Steel
narrower: Quartzite
narrower: Lead Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
related: Antimony
scope note: A metallic substance made by combining two or more elements at least one of which is a metal. Use more specific terms where known.

Brass
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Easily formed metal alloy composed of copper and zinc.

Bronze
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Hard, corrosive alloy of copper and tin.

Copper Alloy
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: An alloy where the predominant component metal is copper.

Pewter
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: An alloy which is composed predominantly of tin (c.8599 percent).

Steel
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A strong, durable alloy of iron and carbon.

Quartzite
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Medium grained, hard, white/grey coloured stone consisting of quartz and often silica, produced by the metamorphosis of sandstone

Lead Alloy
type: Concept
broader: Alloy
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Metal alloy with lead as the principal component.

Metal
type: Concept
narrower: Alloy
narrower: Copper
narrower: Gold
narrower: Iron
narrower: Lead
narrower: Silver
narrower: Tin
narrower: Antimony
narrower: Zinc
narrower: Aluminium
narrower: Slag
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Class of elements and alloys that are characteristically lustrous,ductile, fusible and malleable. These are extracted from ore minerals originally existing in nature and processed before becoming a recognisable metal.

Copper
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Metal used primarily for roofing and ornamental purposes, being lighter and stronger than lead.

Gold
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A malleable, ductile ferromagnetic metal widely used for structural and decorative purposes.

Iron
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A malleable, ductile ferromagnetic metal widely used for structural and decorative purposes.

Lead
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Metal used primarily for roof coverings and window fittings. It is easy to work, can be worked cold and does not rust which makes it suitable for holding or repelling water.

Silver
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A precious metal of lustrous white colour with great malleability and ductility.

Tin
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A soft, lustrous lowmelting crystalline metallic element that is malleable and ductile at ordinary temperatures and that is used as a protective coating, in tinfoil, and in soft solders and alloys.

Zinc
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Bluewhite metal, obtained from ore, and used commercially for roofing, galvanizing iron, or in alloys. Also used in the 19th century as sheathing for ship's hulls.

Slag
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Waste material or dross separated from metals during smelting or refining.

Amber
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A semiprecious, fossilised resin usually used for ornamentation and jewellery.

Mineral
type: Concept
narrower: Amber
narrower: Cement
narrower: Chert
narrower: Clay
narrower: Concrete
narrower: Enamel
narrower: Faience
narrower: Flint
narrower: Glass
narrower: Jet
narrower: Obsidian
narrower: Pottery
narrower: Quartz
narrower: Stone
narrower: Graphite
narrower: Alabaster
narrower: Coal
narrower: Plaster
narrower: Variscite
narrower: Garnet
narrower: Emerald
narrower: Sapphire
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Natural inorganic substance possessing a definite chemical composition in a crystalline form.

Chert
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard silica rich rock, black or brown coloured, commonly found in nodular form.

Clay
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A fine grained earth which becomes more plastic when water is added and can be moulded and dried to make bricks, tile, pottery, etc.

Concrete
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Composed of sand, stones or other aggregate and cement mixed with water which sets in a hard mass. The material is usually associated with modern building but was developed by Romans where cement was obtained from quicklime.

Enamel
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A coloured, glasslike substance (opaque or partially opaque) that is fused to the surface of metal or glass or pottery for decorative or protective purposes.

Faience
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A glasslike compound first made in ancient Egypt. It involves coating a core material of powdered quartz with a vitreous alkaline glaze. Also the name given to a tinglazed earthenware.

Flint
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Hard, durable, dark grey stone, the purest native form of silica, which can either be used decoratively or as a main material. Predominantly found in East Anglia and the South East.

Jet
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, black form of lignite that takes a brilliant polish. It is used in jewellery and for ornamentation.

Obsidian
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A form of volcanic glass with similar properties to FLINT and often used in the manufacture of sharpedged tools.

Graphite
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Crystalline allotropic form of carbon used in pencils, as a lubricant etc.

Alabaster
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Alabaster is a name applied to varieties of two distinct minerals: gypsum and calcite. The finer kinds of alabaster are employed as an ornamental stone, especially for internal decoration as it's softness allows it to be carved into elaborate forms.

Coal
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Use for objects made from coal or for stray finds of coal where the association with a wreck site is not proven and thus cannot be stated as either cargo or bunkers.

Plaster
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A building material used for coating walls and ceilings. Plaster can refer to gypsum plaster (also known as plaster of Paris), lime plaster, or cement plaster.

Garnet
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A silicate mineral used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. Found in many colours including red, orange, yellow, green, purple, brown, blue, black, pink and colourless.

Emerald
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A green coloured gemstone. A variety of the mineral beryl coloured green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium.

Sapphire
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A blue coloured gem variety of the mineral corunndum, made up of aluminium oxide.

Animal
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
narrower: Bone
narrower: Horn
narrower: Leather
narrower: Shell
narrower: Tooth
narrower: Wool
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Material derived or formed from the corporeal parts of a member of the animal kingdom.

Horn
type: Concept
broader: Animal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Horn is a hollow, bonelike projection consisting mainly of keratin, found on certain animals (sheep, cows, goats etc.)

Leather
type: Concept
broader: Animal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Animal skin that has been hardened or treated by a tanning process.

Shell
type: Concept
broader: Animal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Hard, protective covering made largely of calcium salts secreted by soft bodied invertebrate animals.

Wool
type: Concept
broader: Animal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Animal fibre that consists of protein held together by lipids obtained from sheep.

Object Material
type: Concept
narrower: Animal
narrower: Metal
narrower: Mineral
narrower: Ceramic
narrower: Textile
narrower: Fibreglass
narrower: Rubber
narrower: Bakelite
narrower: Paper
narrower: Charcoal
narrower: Hydrocarbon
narrower: Vegetal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Materials used in the manufacture of objects.
top concept of: Historic England Maritime Object Material

Ceramic
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard material formed by firing clay. For pottery, use POTTERY.

Rubber
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Elastic polymeric substance made from the latex of a tropical plant or synthetically.

Bakelite
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: An early plastic formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde which was developed by Leo Baekeland in 1907.

Paper
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A thin, flexible material made from the pulp of wood or other fibrous matter which is then pressed and dried to form sheets.

Charcoal
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: The black, lightweight and porous residue of partly burnt wood.

Antler
type: Concept
broader: Bone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A form of bone, which grows on the heads of members of the deer family and is shed annually. Antler can be used by man for a variety of purposes.

Bone
type: Concept
narrower: Antler
broader: Animal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Any of the pieces of hard tissue consisting largely of calcium phosphate that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate animal.

Cement
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
narrower: Mortar
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Originally obtained by burning limestone to produce quicklime. Now a fine grey powder made from a mixture of limestone and clay used with water and sand to make mortar or with water, sand and aggregate to make concrete.

Mortar
type: Concept
broader: Cement
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A mixture of lime or more recently cement with sand and water used for bonding stones or bricks.

Earthenware
type: Concept
broader: Pottery
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A claybased ceramic fired at low kiln temperatures (c.8001200 degrees). Essentially, earthenwares are porous and require glazing for most applications. This term has been used interchangeably with TERRACOTTA and with POTTERY

Pottery
type: Concept
narrower: Earthenware
narrower: Terracotta
narrower: Porcelain
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A ceramic made from clay and fired in a kiln or oven. This term has been used interchangeably with EARTHENWARE and with TERRACOTTA

Terracotta
type: Concept
broader: Pottery
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Hard, unglazed, brown, versatile earthenware which can be used as a tile or moulded into statuary.

Porcelain
type: Concept
broader: Pottery
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Hard semitranslucent ceramic material made out of kaolin, quartz and feldspar which is biscuit fired at around 1000 degrees Celsius and glaze fired at around 1300 degrees Celsius.

Glass
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
related: Fibreglass
scope note: Transparent, hard substance made by fusing sodasilica which solidifies from a molten state.

Granite
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, coarse grained, durable igneous rock. Can be used decoratively or as a main material. Found throughout the country.

Stone
type: Concept
narrower: Granite
narrower: Greenstone
narrower: Jadeite
narrower: Lava
narrower: Limestone
narrower: Marble
narrower: Sandstone
narrower: Shale
narrower: Slate
narrower: Dolerite
narrower: Schist
narrower: Jade
narrower: Chalk
narrower: Puddingstone
narrower: Carnelian
narrower: Amphibolite
narrower: Siltstone
narrower: Mudstone
narrower: Argillite
narrower: Soapstone
narrower: Andesite
narrower: Basalt
narrower: Gritstone (Sandstone)
broader: Mineral
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Rock of definite form and size, usually artificially shaped.

Greenstone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Geologist's term for any dark coloured, slightly metamorphosed igneous rock. Index with specific stone type where given.

Lava
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, igneous rock formed from the cooling of molten volcanic magma.

Limestone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium carbonate. Varying in grain size, colour and hardness, quarried and used throughout the country.

Marble
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Collective name for, in a true geological sense, a metamorphosed limestone, eg. Carrara marble, and, in the British sense any decorative stone that will take a polish, eg. Purbeck marble. In the latter's case index with specific stone type where given

Sandstone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Geologically sandstone consists of particles of quartz naturally cemented together by either silica, calcium or iron. It is this geological composition that accounts for the varying colours and grain sizes found in the many building sandstones.

Shale
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Soft, very fine grained, dark coloured, sedimentary rock which splits easily.

Slate
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Collective term for a hard, fine grained, dark coloured metamorphic rock, which splits easily; hence its common use as a roofing and flooring material, and a functional description for any rectangular, sheet, roofing material.

Dolerite
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Coarse basaltic rock.

Schist
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Medium to coarse grained metamorphic rock, colour being determined by its dominant mineral. Often used for floor and wall claddin

Amphibolite
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A coarse grained metamorphic rock that is composed maily of green, brown or black amphibole minerals and plagioclase feldspar. Amphiboles are usually members of the hornblende group.

Siltstone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A sedimentary rock primarily composed of silt sized particles.

Mudstone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A sedimantary rock composed of fine grained clay particles. Flaky mudstone is called shale.

Argillite
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A finegrained sedimentary rock composed mainly of indurated clay particles which is not as fissile as shale.

Soapstone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A talcshist and type of metamorphic rock commonly used for carved stone objects. Also known as Steatite.

Andesite
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: An extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite.

Gritstone (Sandstone)
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Carboniferous sandstone varying in grain size from coarse to fine and in colour from white, yellow, pink to brown. When only Gritstone is mentioned, unless otherwise specified, assume it to be Gritstone (Sandstone), as this is the more common usage.

Ivory
type: Concept
broader: Tooth
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, white, finegrained substance forming the main part of the tusks of elephants, walruses, hippos and narwhals.

Tooth
type: Concept
narrower: Ivory
broader: Animal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, bonelike material obtained from animal teeth.

Jadeite
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
related: Jade
scope note: A hard, translucent variety of jade which is rarer than the other varieties of nephrite as a result considered to be the best and very desirable.

Oak
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A native hardwood of the Beech family with hard and durable characteristics which traditionally made it appropriate for structural work.

Wood
type: Concept
narrower: Oak
narrower: Fir
narrower: Elm
narrower: Pine
narrower: Spruce
narrower: Tamarac
narrower: Beech
narrower: Birch
narrower: Teak
narrower: Ebony
narrower: Hazel
narrower: Larch
narrower: Ash
narrower: Alder
broader: Plant
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, compact, unprocessed, fibrous cellulose substance. The roots, trunks and branches of trees and shrubs consist of this tissue.

Fir
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: The wood of the evergreen coniferous tree characterized by single needlelike leaves and errect cones.

Elm
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A hard, durable wood obtained from trees of the genus Ulmus.

Pine
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A straightgrained, durable and often resinous timber obtained from trees of the genus Pinus.

Spruce
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A light, soft, moderatelystrong wood obtained from trees of the genus Picea.

Tamarac
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: North American wood, the name being applied either to the American Larch; or to the Black or Ridgepole Pine of inland areas; and the Scrub Pine of maritime regions.

Beech
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A deciduous tree in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America.

Birch
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: The timber from genus Betula, found in Europe and North America, particularly in northern regions.

Teak
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A strong durable wood originating in India and southeast Asia.

Ebony
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Dark and dense hardwood timber which may be sourced from various species of true ebony from southern Asia and Africa, but the name may also be given to dark hardwoods from elsewhere, e.g. the Americas.

Hazel
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A commonly coppiced wood from the genus Corylus.

Larch
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A deciduous conifer native to Britain and Europe supplying durable and waterproof timber suitable for shipbuilding features such as masts.

Ash
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A native, broadleaf tree of the Fraxinus species, native to Europe.

Alder
type: Concept
broader: Wood
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Wood from trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae.

Quartz
type: Concept
broader: Mineral
narrower: Onyx
narrower: Amethyst
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Hard, transparent, often coloured mineral. Can be found on its own as crystals and veins but also as a major constituent of rocks such as granite. Often used decoratively.

Onyx
type: Concept
broader: Quartz
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Onyx is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz. It is a semiprecious stone that is usually cut as a cabochon, or into beads, and is also used for intaglios and cameos.

Amethyst
type: Concept
broader: Quartz
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A purple or violet variety of quartz often used in jewelry. Amethyst is a semiprecious stone which owes its violet colour to irridation, iron impurities, and the presence of trace elements, which result in complex crystal lattice substitutions.

Plant
type: Concept
narrower: Wood
narrower: Flax
broader: Vegetal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Any material derived from a tree, shrub or herb of cellulose form, normally subsisting in soil and producing its food through photosynthesis.

Flax
type: Concept
broader: Plant
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: The fibrous stalks of the plant, Linum usitatissimum, which can be processed and used to manufacture linen.

Antimony
type: Concept
broader: Metal
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
related: Alloy
scope note: A metallic element often used in alloys and historically used in pottery and glassmaking, paints, enamelling, and in cosmetics and medicine. Often derived from its sulphite ore, stibnite.

Textile
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
narrower: Felt
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A woven or bonded fabric or cloth.

Felt
type: Concept
broader: Textile
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Fabric of fibrous materials consolidated by heat and mechanical action so that the fibres are matted together.

Jade
type: Concept
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
related: Jadeite
scope note: An ornamental green stone of the mineral nephrite.

Chalk
type: Concept
broader: Stone
narrower: Totternhoe Clunch
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite.

Totternhoe Clunch
type: Concept
broader: Chalk
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A relatively hard type of chalk that is sufficiently strong for use as a building stone. Quarried at Totternhoe, Bedfordshire.

Puddingstone
type: Concept
broader: Stone
narrower: Hertfordshire Puddingstone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Conglomerate consisting of rounded flint pebbles held together in a natural silica and sand cement.

Hertfordshire Puddingstone
type: Concept
broader: Puddingstone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A conglomerate rock comprising well rounded flint pebbles in a very hard matrix of fine pale coloured sand, bound together by hard natural silica cement. The pebbles are usually coloured ochre or red and have black rims.

Hydrocarbon
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
narrower: Plastic
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: An organic chemical compound composed exclusively of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Plastic
type: Concept
broader: Hydrocarbon
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Any of large class of polymers based on synthetic resins or modified natural polymers which may be moulded, extruded or cast while soft or liquid, which then set rigidly or slightly elastic in form.

Picrite
type: Concept
broader: Basalt
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A type of basalt rich in the mineral olivine.

Basalt
type: Concept
narrower: Picrite
broader: Stone
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: A dark finegrained volcanic rock that sometimes displays a columnar structure, typically composed largely of plagioclase with pyroxene and olivine.

Vegetal
type: Concept
broader: Object Material
narrower: Plant
in scheme: Historic England Maritime Object Material
issued: 2025-06-20T15:12:56
license: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
attribution URL: https://historicengland.org.uk/
attribution name: Historic England
publisher: historicengland.org.uk
spatial: http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7002445
spatial: England
scope note: Pertaining to or deriving from a botanical living organism. Use narrower concepts where possible.